Understanding Hepatitis B: A Comprehensive Guide

What is Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a viral infection that affects the liver. It's caused by the hepatitis B virus (HBV), which is transmitted through contact with infected blood, semen, or other bodily fluids. The virus can also be spread from mother to child during childbirth or through sharing personal items like razors or toothbrushes.

Hepatitis B is a serious disease that can lead to chronic liver damage, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer if left untreated. It's estimated that over 240 million people worldwide are living with chronic HBV infection, making it one of the most common viral infections globally.

Symptoms and Diagnosis

Hepatitis B symptoms can be mild or severe, and may not appear at all in some cases. Common symptoms include fatigue, loss of appetite, nausea, vomiting, dark urine, and yellowing of the skin and eyes (jaundice). In severe cases, patients may experience abdominal pain, joint pain, and a rash.

Hepatitis B diagnosis typically involves blood tests to detect HBV antibodies and antigens. A physical examination and medical history are also important in ruling out other conditions that may cause similar symptoms.

Prevention and Treatment

The best way to prevent hepatitis B is through vaccination. The HBV vaccine is highly effective in preventing infection and has been widely used since the 1980s.

Treatment for hepatitis B typically involves antiviral medications, which can help reduce viral load and slow disease progression. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be necessary.